Emkhakheni we IT, ithemu isikhombimsebenzisi kubhekiswa ku- ukuxhumana noma indawo yokuxhumana phakathi kwamasistimu amabili, amadivayisi, noma abasebenzisi. Isixhumi esibonakalayo senza ukuxhumana nokusebenza phakathi kwezingxenye ezihlukene, kube lula ukusebenzisana komsebenzisi nomshini noma phakathi kwezinhlelo zesofthiwe ezahlukene. Ukuklama nokusebenza kwayo kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni uhlelo isipiliyoni somsebenzisi nokwenza ubuchwepheshe bufinyeleleke futhi buqondeke.
Izinhlobo zesixhumi esibonakalayo
Isixhumi esibonakalayo somsebenzisi (UI)
Esinye sezigaba ezibaluleke kakhulu yilesi interface yomsebenzisi (UI), egxile kulwazi lomsebenzisi lapho usebenzisana nesistimu. Ihlukaniswa ngezigaba eziningana:
I-Graphical interface yomsebenzisi (i-GUI)
La isikhombimsebenzisi sokuqhafaza (i-GUI) isebenzisa izinto ezibonakalayo ezifana amafasitela, izithonjana y botones ukwenza kube lula ukuxhumana. Lolu hlobo lwesixhumi esibonakalayo luvamile ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezifana Windows, macOS kanye nezindawo ezahlukahlukene zedeskithophu ku LinuxAma-GUI avumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bahlanganyele ngokunembile, behlisa ijika lokufunda.
Ngokuphambene, i- isixhumi esibonakalayo somugqa womyalo (CLI) ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bafake imiyalo ngefomu lombhalo. Lolu hlobo lwesixhumi esibonakalayo luthandwa kakhulu onjiniyela y abaphathi bohlelo ngenxa yekhono layo lokwenza imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi ngokushesha nangempumelelo. Ezinye izibonelo ze-CLI interfaces zihlanganisa bash ku-Linux kanye I-Command Prompt ku-Windows.
Thinta Interface
Ngokufika kwamadivaysi eselula, i isikhombikubona sokuthinta uthole ukuthandwa okukhulu. Lolu hlobo lwesixhumi esibonakalayo luvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bahlanganyele namadivayisi ngokusebenzisa kuthintwa, ukushukuma komzimba y amaslayidi esikrinini. Ibalulekile kuma-smartphones kanye namathebulethi, enikeza indlela engokwemvelo yokusebenzisana nobuchwepheshe.
I-Voice Interface
La isikhombimsebenzisi sezwi isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokubona izwi ukuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bahlanganyele namadivayisi basebenzisa imiyalo yezwi. Izinhlelo ezifana Amazon Alexa y Umsizi we-Google ziyizibonelo ezivelele zalobu buchwepheshe, obunikeza lula nokufinyeleleka kwemisebenzi eyahlukene.
I-Application Programming Interface (API)
I-Las i-application programming interfaces (APIs) Ama-API abalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwesofthiwe. I-API ichaza ukuthi izingxenye zesofthiwe ezahlukene kufanele zihlanganyele kanjani, okuvumela izinhlelo zokusebenza ukuxhumana zodwa. Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zama-API:
I-Web API
I-Las I-api yewebhu Bavumela ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezinhlelo zokusebenza nge-inthanethi, kusetshenziswa izivumelwano ezifana nalezi HTTPLawa ma-API abalulekile ekuhlanganiseni amasevisi aku-inthanethi, okuvumela onjiniyela ukuthi bafinyelele izici ezivela ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zangaphandle, ezifana namanethiwekhi omphakathi noma izinsiza zokukhokha.
I-System API
I-Las I-System API vumela onjiniyela ukuthi bahlanganyele nesistimu yokusebenza engaphansi. Lawa ma-API ahlinzeka ngemisebenzi ebalulekile efana nokukhohlisa ifayela, ukuphathwa kwememori, nokuxhumana nehadiwe ethile. Isibonelo kungaba I-POSIX API elimisa ukusebenzisana kohlelo lokusebenza kumasistimu e-Unix.
I-Library API
I-Las I-Library API Kuyizixhumanisi ezihlinzekwa amalabhulali esofthiwe avumela abathuthukisi ukuthi basebenzise imisebenzi echazwe ngaphambilini. Lokhu kwenza intuthuko ibe lula ngokunikeza amathuluzi avamile, njengezithombe, izibalo, noma ukukhohlisa kweyunithi yezinhlamvu.
I-Hardware Interface
Ngaphezu kokuxhumana kwesoftware, kukhona hardware interface eziqinisekisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwezakhi zomzimba. Lezi zixhumanisi zibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwezinto zikagesi.
I-Bus Interface
I-Las izindawo zebhasi vumela ukuxhumana phakathi kwezingxenye ngaphakathi kwekhompyutha. Izibonelo zihlanganisa PCI (I-Peripheral Component Interconnect) kanye USB (Universal Serial Bus). Lobu buchwepheshe buvumela ukuxhunywa kwemishini yocingo nokwandisa ukusebenza kwesistimu.
Isixhumi esibonakalayo senethiwekhi
I-Las ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi vumela ukuxhumana kwemishini ngokusebenzisa izivumelwano zokuxhumana. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obufana Ethernet yamanethiwekhi anezintambo kanye Wi-Fi amanethiwekhi angenantambo, asiza ukuxhumana nokushintshisana kwedatha phakathi kwamadivayisi amaningi.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Interface ku-Computing
Ukusebenzisana komshini womsebenzisi
I-interfaces ibalulekile ku- ukuxhumana phakathi komsebenzisi nomshini. Ngaphandle kokusebenzelana okuklanywe kahle, abasebenzisi bangaba nobunzima bokufinyelela ukusebenza kwesofthiwe noma idivayisi. Noma ngabe i I-GUI enembile noma a API Kubhalwe kahle, ikhwalithi yesixhumi esibonakalayo ithinta ngqo usability yohlelo.
Ukuthuthukiswa kweSoftware
I-interfaces, ikakhulukazi i- API, zibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwesofthiwe yesimanje. Anika amandla ukuhlanganiswa kwezinsizakalo nokusebenza, okusiza ukudalwa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza eziqinile ezingasebenzisa izinsiza namandla kwamanye amasistimu. Lokhu kukhuthaza ukusebenzisana kwe-ecosystem ezuzisa kokubili onjiniyela nabasebenzisi bokugcina.
Automazación y Control
Izixhumi ezibonakalayo zibalulekile ezinqubweni ze ezenzakalelayo y isilawuli. Ngokwesibonelo, ku imboni 4.0, izixhumanisi zivumela ukuxhumana phakathi kwemishini nezinhlelo zokuphatha, okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokusebenza. API kanye nokuxhumana kwehadiwe kubalulekile ekusebenziseni izixazululo ezizenzakalelayo ezithuthukisa ukukhiqiza.
Ukutholakala
I-interfaces nayo idlala indima ebalulekile ku- ukufinyeleleka. Ukudizayina izixhumanisi ezicabangela abantu abakhubazekile kusiza ekudaleni ubuchwepheshe obuhlanganisayo. izixhumanisi zezwi kanye nezinye izindlela zekhibhodi ziyizibonelo zokuthi ukufinyeleleka kungathuthukiswa kanjani kumasistimu ekhompyutha.
Ukusebenzisana phakathi Kwamadivayisi
I-Las ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi Benza lula ukuxhumana phakathi kwamadivayisi kunethiwekhi. Lokhu kuvumela ukudalwa kwamasistimu axhumene lapho amadivaysi akwazi ukushintshana kahle ngolwazi, okuholela kubuchwepheshe obufana I-Intanethi Yezinto (IoT)Ngalokhu kuxhumana, amadivaysi angasebenza ngendlela ehlelekile futhi anikeze ulwazi olungcono lomsebenzisi.
El ukwakheka kwesikhombimsebenzisi kuyingxenye ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwesoftware nehardware. Idizayini enhle ayigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ubuhle bohlelo lokusebenza, kodwa futhi iyasiza usability futhi i ukusebenza kahleEminye imithetho eyisisekelo ekwakhiweni kwesixhumi esibonakalayo ihlanganisa:
Isimo
La ukuvumelana Ekwakhiweni, kusiza abasebenzisi ukuthi bajwayelane ngokushesha nesixhumi esibonakalayo. Lokhu kuhilela ukugcina isitayela esibonakalayo nesisebenzayo esifanayo kulo lonke uhlelo lokusebenza.
Ubulula
La ubulula Ekwakhiweni, kunciphisa umthwalo wokuqonda womsebenzisi. Izindawo zokusebenzelana ezihlanzekile, zikhishwe izinto ezingadingekile, zivumela ukugxila okungcono emisebenzini.
Impendulo
Nikeza impendulo Kumsebenzisi, kubalulekile. Ukubika ngokusobala ngezenzo ezithathiwe kusiza abasebenzisi baqonde isimo sohlelo lokusebenza futhi benze izinqumo ezinolwazi.
Ukutholakala
Ukuklama nge ukufinyeleleka Iqinisekisa ukuthi bonke abasebenzisi bangahlanganyela nesixhumi esibonakalayo, ngokunganaki amakhono abo noma ukukhubazeka. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukucatshangelwa okufana nokugqama kombala, usayizi wefonti, nokuzulazula kwekhibhodi.
Ukuhamba kalula
I-interface eyakhiwe kahle yenza kube lula uku navegaciónIzinto ezifana namamenyu anembile, izinkinobho ezilebulwe ngokucacile, nezindlela ezinengqondo zivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bathole ngokushesha abakufunayo.
I-Las izindawo zokuhlangana Izixhumi ezibonakalayo zibalulekile emkhakheni wekhompuyutha, njengoba zisebenza njengamabhuloho axhuma abasebenzisi kubuchwepheshe futhi zenze kube lula ukusebenzisana phakathi kwamasistimu namadivayisi ahlukene. Idizayini yesixhumi esibonakalayo ecatshangwe kahle ayigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ulwazi lomsebenzisi kodwa futhi ithuthukisa ukusebenza nokufinyeleleka kwezinhlelo zokusebenza namadivayisi.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo ze-interface, kusukela ku- interface yomsebenzisi kuze kube izinhlelo zokusebenza zokusebenzelana y hardware, ngayinye isebenzisa izinjongo ezithile ezibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwesofthiwe yesimanje kanye nokusebenzisana okusebenzayo kwamadivayisi ahlukene. Ukubaluleka komklamo omuhle wesixhumi esibonakalayo kusekhonweni layo lokunikeza ulwazi lomsebenzisi olumnandi nolusebenzayo, oluthinta ngokuqondile ukwamukelwa nempumelelo yobuchwepheshe emakethe.
Emhlabeni lapho ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuvela, ukugxila ekusebenzisekeni nasekufinyelelekeni ngokusebenzisa izixhumi ezibonakalayo eziklanywe kahle kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi bonke abasebenzisi, kungakhathaliseki amakhono abo noma izidingo zabo, bangazuza entuthukweni yobuchwepheshe.